Sewage Treatment

Sewage treatment is carried out in two ways

1. Anaerobic Methods | 2. Aerobic Methods

Sewage treatment- Anaerobic methods

Anaerobic Treatment is the most appropriate technology for tropical countries like India. In tropical countries, high temperatures result in low oxygen solubility in waste water. This results in lower efficiencies of the aerobic system as compared to European countries with lower ambient temperatures. Aerobic technologies are designed keeping in mind the conditions of countries with lower temperatures, and hence are not very efficient in the Indian environment. Also, aerobic treatment plants are dependent on continuous power supply and are extremely costly.

Other conventional technologies also face challenges like heavy sludge handling and foul odor. Also, conventional methods use naturally present bacteria in the sewage which are pathogenic in nature and in the presence of oxygen these pathogens keep multiplying quickly.

Anaerobic Sewage treatment, the Organic Solutions way - using specially cultivated microorganisms i.e. OS1, is a replacement to the conventional power & labor intensive technologies.

It is ideal for a decentralized water treatment system.

Benefits of Decentralized Treatment

Decentralization is a key concept in increasing the supply of clean water and energy with reduced costs. The strategy is to downsize the infrastructure, to locally source, treat and reuse the water, and to avoid the maintenance of a grid. With this method authorities spend less on collecting the sewage, on transporting the sewage and avoid excessive pumping costs and leakages, and are able to reuse the treated water in the neighborhood areas

The decentralized technologies can be applied at various levels; (a) individual households, (b) a cluster of houses, (c) a colony/neighborhood, (d) commercial areas/SEZs, (e) small portions of larger communities, (f) Schools/colleges/universities (e) areas with difficult terrains, (f) Areas where city sewers are not connected, (g) Areas with sparse population

There are many advantages of the decentralized system. The major advantage is lower costs, due to elimination of collection infrastructure. Also, flow volume in decentralized systems is lower, thus the environmental damage caused due to failure is lower than conventional systems. In case of numerous small scale plants, the probability of failure of all, compared to failure of a central system is much lower. Decentralized management also increases reuse opportunities, as more cost effective treated effluent is available near potential users, and there is no need to make central reclaimed water distribution systems.

FABR Technology (Fermentative Anaerobic Baffle Reactor)

Fermentative Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (FABR) is based on the natural method of fermentation using special microorganisms to treat sewage. In simple words, it is a ‘hand-in hand with nature’ approach and is a replacement to conventional electricity and labor dependent technologies, and thus in the true sense of the term be called ‘eco-friendly’.

Most conventional methods use the bacteria that are naturally occurring in sewage for treatment. These bacteria are pathogenic in nature, and these pathogens keep multiplying.

Also, large amounts of oxygen is required for aerobic treatment and results in large amounts of sludge deposits. Sludge is basically dead bacterial cells, and aerobic treatment depends on monoculture to consume the organic matter, which results in heavy sludge deposits. These processes also result in harmful by-products like hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane etc.

Fermentative anaerobic baffle reactor is a system that involves addition of specifically cultured bacteria (under the brand name OS1) right into raw sewage and has the capacity of reducing waste.

Benefits offered by the technology

Reduction in BOD, COD levels – Our treatment ensures upto 90% BOD reduction. The BOD levels are less than 30 mg/l after the treatment and comply with the CPCB norms
Low Construction & Maintenance Cost – There is a one time fixed cost of constructing the baffle reactor, which is lower in comparison to other conventional treatment setups. There are no breakdown costs as our treatment does not require any mechanical equipment (except for pumps in the inlet/outlet, if required). The maintenance cost is also low, as there is no skilled technician required for the operation of the plant. Also, our technology does not require electricity, thereby reducing the maintenance cost by almost 50%.
Can be built totally underground – The Fermentative Anaerobic Baffle Reactor can be constructed under a park, driveway or a parking lot. Thus, there is maximum utilization of existing space.
Pathogen Control - OS1 synthesizes all harmful microorganisms and allow only the beneficial microbes to grow. This results in controlling foul odor. Microorganisms such as Actinomycetes produce antibiotic substances that work synergistically with OS1 while restricting growth of the pathogens.
Almost Zero Sludge Handling - Aerobic methods produce larger sludge quantities than anaerobic systems. With the addition of OS1 the sludge quantities are further reduced due to increased autolysis. The lower layers of the sludge deprived of nutrition depends upon its own mass for survival. It has been observed that, for domestic wastes, anaerobic plants using OS1 can go beyond 6 years without any de-sludging requirement.
Reduction in Foul Odor - OS1 bacterial solution does not allow putrefying microbes to multiply, and immediately reduce emission of foul odor gases. Neutralization is the process that nullifies the odor-producing process by synthesizing the bacteria responsible for producing the smell. The result is not just the elimination of the unpleasant smell but also the elimination of the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the malodor.
Treated water can be used for horticulture purposes

Sewage Treatment - Aerobic Methods

OS1 microbes are facultative in nature and can be applied to aerobic technologies as well. By adding OS1 in the aerobic treatment process several benefits are accrued such as:

1. Reduction in Sludge production – Sludge is formed due to dead bacterial cells. By adding OS1 the increased population of bacteria eats into the dead cells thereby reducing its volume by upto 70 - 80 %.

2. Reduction in aeration time - Since these microbes are facultative in nature it is possible to reduce aeration time and save on electricity costs.

3. Reduction in release of foul odor - Foul odor is released from STPs normally in the forms of H2S and NH3. The addition of OS1 in the STP reduces the release of these gases in the following ways

OS1 breaks down H2S and NH3 in the elemental form releasing Sulphur and Nitrogen from the other elements.
Most foul smelling gases are released by the reaction of pathogens on organic matter. OS1 dominates over these pathogens reducing their population and thus reduces the release of foul odor.
Most pathogens cannot survive the low pH of OS1.

4. Faster start up time - OS1 microbes multiply very swiftly thus reducing start up time for STPs. The microbes thrive on waste which becomes their source of nutrition.

5. Enhances capacity of STP by 25 % - The microbes work synergistically with other beneficial bacteria and work more efficiently in breaking down sewage. They also reduce the build up of sludge thus enhancing retention period in the STP.

6. Reduces build up of pathogens - Most pathogens cannot survive the low pH of OS1. OS1 become the dominating microbes thus synthesizing the pathogens.

OS1 can be added to all kinds of plants; Activated Sludge Process, FAB, SAFF, UASB, Waste Stabilization ponds, Lagoon Systems etc.

Did you know ?

India’s potable water quality ranks 120 out of 122 countries.

57% of Delhi’s waste is dumped in YAMUNA

Dal Lake figures in the top 100 polluted lakes in the world

Only 5% of the collected municipal waste is composted

About 0.1 million tonnes of municipal solid waste is generated in India

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