Sewage Treatment

Sewage treatment is carried out in two ways

1. Anaerobic Methods | 2. Aerobic Methods

Sewage treatment- Anaerobic methods

Anaerobic Treatment is the most appropriate technology for tropical countries like India. In tropical countries, high temperatures result in low oxygen solubility in waste water. This results in lower efficiencies of the aerobic system as compared to European countries with lower ambient temperatures. Aerobic technologies are designed keeping in mind the conditions of countries with lower temperatures, and hence are not very efficient in the Indian environment. Also, aerobic treatment plants are dependent on continuous power supply and are extremely costly.

Anaerobic Sewage treatment, the Organic Solutions way - using specially cultivated microorganisms i.e. OS1, is a replacement to the conventional electricity dependant technologies and can thus, in the true sense of the term be called “eco friendly”. It is an amalgamation of existing technologies that have been in use for the past several years all over the world. It is being used in India for the past six years and is fast finding favour with Government organizations such as CPWD, MES, NSG and private colonizers.

Being an anaerobic technology the treatment plant is normally constructed underground and thus does not occupy any surface area, is not visible and does not emit any foul odour. It is a complete technology that not only ensures continuous treatment of pollutants but also neutralizes pathogens such as faecal coliforms and E.coli. It does not require any skilled technicians for operation. The only daily operational requirement is of dosing the bacterial solution, which can be done by any layman. The treated water will conform to the Pollution Control Board norms and therefore can be used for horticulture purpose and indirectly for recharging the aquifers.

It can provide treatment for any amount of flow, no matter how small or large, making it a very versatile technology, which is especially suitable for domestic wastewaters. The Organic Solutions method, using specially cultivated microorganisms, is based upon low maintenance; almost zero energy and easy operation principles. Since this method does not depend upon electricity it cannot be switched off and thus promises continuous treatment. It is most suited in areas where skilled and responsible operators cannot be deployed. It is an ideal solution for a decentralized wastewater treatment system.

FERMENTATIVE ANAEROBIC BAFFLE REACTOR

Fermentation is an anaerobic process by which facultative microorganisms (e.g., yeasts) transform complex organic molecules (e.g., carbohydrates) into simple organic compounds that can be absorbed directly by plants. Fermentation releases a relatively small amount of energy, containing most of the nutrients/energy in the treated water, compared with aerobic decomposition of the same substrate which results in the complete oxidation of the substrate and the release of large amounts of energy, gas, and heat with carbon dioxide and water as the end products.

Benefits of the FERMENTATIVE ANAEROBIC BAFFLE REACTOR (FABR)

Savings in sludge removal. – Regular use of OS1 reduces the quantity of sludge by about 80 %.
Savings in Electricity charges. Being an anaerobic method of treatment there is no requirement of aeration.
Savings from the requirement of a conventional sewage treatment plant - Regular use of OS1 reduces BOD, COD, TSS etc
Removal of foul odour. – Foul odour is produced by bacteria, which have a weak alkaline nature. OS1 synthesizes these bacteria and thus suppresses all kinds of foul odour.
Savings in water costs – After OS1 treatment, the overflow water from the septic tank can be recycled for gardening, cleaning. etc. purposes.
Savings in land requirement - The STP can be built totally underground - under car park; road, garden etc.
No need of highly skilled technicians.
Can be used in Septic Tanks, Ponds etc..

Sewage Treatment - Aerobic Methods
    • Submerged Fixed Film Bio Reactor.
    • Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor.
    • Sequential Bio Reactor.
By adding OS1 in the aerobic treatment process several benefits are accrued such as :

1. Reduction in Sludge production - Sludge is developed due to increase in population of bacterial cells. When the bacteria dies sludge is formed. By adding OS1 the increased population of bacteria eats into the dead cells thereby reducing its volume by upto 70 - 80 %.

2. Reduction in aeration time - Since these microbes are facultative in nature it is possible to reduce aeration time and save on electricity costs.

3. Reduction in release of foul odour - Foul odour is released from STPs normally in the forms of H2S and NH3. The addition of OS1 in the STP reduces the release of these gases in the following ways

OS1 breaks down H2S and NH3 in the elemental form releasing Sulphur and Nitrogen from the other elements.
Most foul smelling gases are released by the reaction of pathogens on organic matter. OS1 dominates over these pathogens reducing their population and thus reduces the release of foul odour.
Most pathogens cannot survive the low pH of OS1.

4. Faster start up time - OS1 microbes multiply very swiftly thus reducing start up time for STP's. The microbes thrive on waste which becomes their source of nutrition.

5. Enhances capacity of STP by 25 % - The microbes work synergistically with other beneficial bacteria and work more efficiently in breaking down sewage. They also reduce the build up of sludge thus enhancing retention period in the STP.

6. Reduces build up of pathogens - Most pathogens cannot survive the low pH of OS1. OS1 become the dominating microbes thus synthesizing the pathogens.

Did you know ?

India’s potable water quality ranks 120 out of 122 countries.

57% of Delhi’s waste is dumped in YAMUNA

Dal Lake figures in the top 100 polluted lakes in the world

Only 5% of the collected municipal waste is composted

About 0.1 million tonnes of municipal solid waste is generated in India

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